The most important hurdle I had to confront was that, despite a clear directive from the minister for defence to the secretary of Defence and the chief of the Defence Force to advise on military capabilities for the defence of Australia, they had been unable over the preceding 12 months to arrive at any agreement. First, I would offer two pieces of advice that were given to me by Sir Arthur Tange when he was the permanent secretary of Defence. He told me the most important single piece of documentation for any defence planner is “a map of one’s own country”. By this he meant a map of Australia and its region. In my review we made Australia’s unique geography central to our force structure priorities. Second, Tange asserted that “strategic policy without money is not strategic policy”. My review was given relatively generous financial guidance by government, but four years after the 1987 white paper – of which I was the primary author – the defence budget was radically slashed because of prime minister Paul Keating’s recession that we had to have. That must not be allowed to recur.
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